Chola literature, written in tamil, is the literature created during the period of chola reign in south india between the 9th and the th centuries ce. The chola army and navy together had 1,50,000 trained soldiers. In 985, rajaraja chola, another son of sundara chola managed to replace him as the king. The chola empire administration, society, commerce, art. This article on ancient india covers gupta and postgupta rulers. Not only did the cholas outlast ashokas mauryan empire, they continued to rule until 1279 cemore than 1,500 years. Karikala chola was the most famous among the early chola kings, while rajaraja chola, rajendra chola and kulothunga chola i were famous emperors of the.
They utilised the wealth earned through their extensive conquests in building longlasting stone temples and exquisite bronze sculptures, in an almost exclusively hindu cultural setting. Pdf excellence of cholas navy find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The dynasty originated in the rich kaveri cauvery river valley. The chola empire was divided into three major administrative units called central government, provincial government and local government. The chola kings built numerous temples throughout their kingdom, which normally comprised the plains, central and northern tamil nadu and at times the. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the kaveri river, and spread along the coromandel coast and to sri lanka.
The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century. Media in category chola dynasty the following 43 files are in this category, out of 43 total. What are some of the popular books about the mighty chola. Karikala chola was the most famous among the early chola kings, while rajaraja chola, rajendra chola and kulothunga. Download ssc cgl questions on chola dynasty with answers pdf based on previous papers very useful for ssc cgl exams. However, after karikala, the chola empire declined and the cheras and pandyas extended their territories. South indian kingdoms chola dynasty 300 bc to 0 ad. Free help with homework free help with homework why join brainly. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the kaveri river. Our advice is to first go through the respective ncert text. The compilation based on ncert texts will also help you learn the cultural history of india.
After sangam, the chola became feaudatories of uraiyur. The navy grew both in size and status during the medieval cholas reign. The pandyan king sundara rendered the final blow by seizing kanchi in 1297 a. Chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty which was one of the longestruling dynasties in southern india. The department of science and technology dst has launched project digital poompuhar to recreate the chola dynasty port.
The purpose of such donations was to endow taxfree land for religious institutions. The place of the cholas was taken over by the pandyas and the hoysalas. Vira ballala ii the next important ruler of the dynasty. The imperial cholas of the vijayalaya dynasty, who ruled parts of south india and lanka between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries ce, were dependent on their army and the navy to expand and maintain order in their vast empire. Aditya i had a long and victorious reign during which he laid the foundation of the future greatness of the chola empire.
Chola dynasty article about chola dynasty by the free. They ruled from later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century. Chola dynasty was one of the biggest dynasty that ruled south india for a very long period from early 9 th century to late th century. Apr 11, 2018 learn about the architecture of the chola temples. He was a great patron of tamil literature as during his reign the texts of the famous tamil. Aditya i was survived by his queens ilangon pichchi and vayiri akkan alias tribhuvana madeviyar.
They can be classified into following main categories. Aditya helped his overlord the pallava king aparajita against the pandyas but soon defeated him and annexed the whole of the pallava kingdom. What set the chola dynasty apart from other dynasties during this time was that the chola dynasty became well known for its literature, art, music, and architectural abilities through. The chola empire rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century c. Chola dynasty, south indian tamil rulers of unknown antiquity, antedating the early sangam poems c.
The man, who laid the foundation of the chola kingdom into a mighty empire, is none other than rajaraja the great reign 9851014 c. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by sri gupta. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. Mar 18, 2016 the chola empire also had a very strong navy and this proved to be proved to be a major aspect in many of the invasions the cholas conducted. Although there were some ups and downs, including a time when chola princesses were the only ones able to keep the dynasty s prestige afloat, the empire had a major impact on politics, arts, literature, philosophy, and architecture in ancient india. He established a temple of goddess nishumbhasudini durga there. Punishment for minor crimes were in the form of fines. The chola dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the southern part of india for about 400 years. Under the famous rulers rajaraja i reigned 9851014 and rajendra i reigned 101442 chola power reached its zenith. Sri lanka is his defeat of 32 tamil kings and the final defeat of chola. List of historical fiction about cholas score a books total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. History, rules and life the cholas were an ancient race.
The dynasty came from the fertile valley of the kaveri river. History chola empire history of ancient, medieval and. The conquests of this of rajendra chola, and the son of rajendras ruler in. The purpose of such donations was to endow taxfree land for religious. Later cholas and pandyas questions and answers, notes pdf, samacheer kalvi 7th social science book solutions guide pdf helps you to revise the complete tamilnadu state board new syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. The chola king was the chief justice the chola kings gave enough care for the judicial administration punishments were awarded by the judicial officers justice was mostly a local matter in the chola empire. The writer visited sri lanka to gather information about the story plot and published this magnificent novel in 1952 to. Rajaraja chola biography raja raja chola i biography. By second century of the christian era, a chola king named karikalan rose to fame as a powerful ruler.
The chola empire continued in a flourishing condition during the twelfth century but declined by the end of the thirteenth century. View your loan details and track your loan repayment 2. Important dynasties and kingdoms of ancient india upsc ias. Jun 21, 2018 the chola dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the southern part of india for about 400 years. May 07, 20 history of chola empire part1 great empires of india duration. Rajaraja i, born arulmoli varman, often described as rajaraja the great, was a chola emperor reigned c. Samacheer kalvi 7th social science history solutions term. Besides these two queens, aditya i also had a mistress named nangai sattaperumanar as evidenced from an inscription. The chola dynasty was known for its wartime abilities, through which, at its peak, chola was able to expand all the way to the northeastern border of india. Pdf millenium anniversary of chola king rajendrai researchgate. A considerable share of the questions has asked from this segment in the previous year. Chola dynasty of india is another vast and important dynasty that ruled south india from 9 th century. It was the first true maritime empire based in india.
September 20, 2019 september 22, 2019 saikat general studies, history byjus upsc notes free pdf download, gktoday history paid notes pdf download free, history optional notes for wbcs 2020 pdf download. Nobody knows exactly when the first chola kings took power in the southern point of india, but certainly, the chola dynasty was established by the third century bce, because they are mentioned in one of ashoka the greats stelae. The chola kings gave enough care for the judicial administration. There was a great deal of local selfgovernment in the villages in the chola empire. Uraiyur now tiruchchirappalli was its oldest capital. They were required to maintain an army out of the resources and maintain peace in their respective territories. The gupta empire was an ancient indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 ce. Rajaraja began his conquests by attacking the confederation between the rulers of the pandya and kerala kingdoms and of ceylon. Full text of middle chola temples rajaraja i to kulottunga i a. Make your payments through our app, it makes your payment experience simple and secured 3. He captured tanjore from the pandyas and made it the capital of the cholas. Important dynasties and kingdoms of ancient india for ias prelims indian history is a significant topic in both upsc civil services exam syllabus. Chola empire, including the conquest of the ceylon islands and naval raids on sri vijaya presentday indonesia. Jun 02, 2016 the most important feature of the chola administration lies in the running of autonomous institutions.
Illanjetcenni was the only king after karikala who is known. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty that ruled in southern india until the th century. A view of brihadeeshwarar temple in gangaikondacholapuram which leaves its visitors into ecstasies. Chola empire, chola dynasty, chola bronze, cholas, about chola. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bc left by asoka, of maurya empire. The chola empire the cholas came to power in the late 9th century, and until the late th century, they ruled most of south india, sri lanka, the maldive islands, and even parts of the indonesian island of java from their homeland near thanjavur tanjore on the southeastern coast of what is now tamil nadu, india. Although there were some ups and downs, including a time when chola princesses were the only ones able to keep the dynastys prestige afloat, the empire had a major impact on politics, arts, literature, philosophy, and architecture in ancient india. Students can download social science history chapter 3 emergence of new kingdoms in south india. The empire is known as one of the three crowned kings referring to. Tamil historical novels free download pdf fiction novels. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century.
By 1044, rajendra chola had pushed the borders north to the ganges river ganga, conquering the rulers of bihar and bengal, and he had also taken coastal myanmar burma, the andaman and nicobar islands, and key ports in the indonesian archipelago and malay peninsula. The chola dynasty a dravidian tamil dynasty that ruled primarily on the southern indian subcontinent from the 4th century bce to the th century ce. The earliest references to this tamil dynasty are available in inscriptions from the third century b. Best tamil historic novels free download pdf here are the list of popular tamil historic novels written by some of the popular novel writers in tamil language literature.
Featured software all software latest this just in old school emulation msdos games historical software classic pc games software library. Practically effective listen to lou dc animation commentaries prolly shoulda known better bohmans ledare mr stranger necromonicast. The chola economy mainly depended on agriculture and trade the tang dynasty of china, the srivijaya empire in the malayan archipelago under the sailendras, and the abbasid kalifat at baghdad were the main trading partners. Raja raja chola was one of the greatest sovereigns of south india, a valiant conqueror and empire.
Chola dynasty ias abhiyan ii ias upsc exam preparation. The chola kingdom was one of the three of ancient tamil tradition, but the dynasty had been virtually submerged for centuries when at the end of the 9th cent. Uraiyur, presently known as tiruchirapalli was one of its oldest capital. He captured gangavadi from kulothunga chola and gangavadi served as a buffer state between the chalukyas and the chola empire. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty of south indian kings are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the.
The age of the imperial cholas was the most creative epoch of the history of south india and was the golden age of tamil culture. They successfully united the south india under their rule and through their naval strength extended their influence in the southeast asian countries such as srivijaya. The chola kingdom grew under him into an extensive and wellknit empire, efficiently organized and administered and possessing a powerful standing army and navy. Chera kingdom, chieftaincies, and chola mandalams c. The reference material for this post is ncert history text for class 6 our past 1. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in the worlds history. Generally the chola army was led by the king or yuvaraja. Three states, namely, cholas, cheras, and pandya emerged in. The proceedings are being made into a free ebook soon. Chola mobile app gives you instant access to your loan accounts be it vehicle finance, home equity or home loan, at a single tap from your app anytime anywhere on your android phone.
Uttama chola did become the king, but his reign went largely uneventful. Chinese song dynasty reports record that an embassy from chola reached the chinese court in the year 1077. These later cholas are termed as imperial cholas because they excercised ocntrol over sri lanka and malay peninsula. It is believed that many southern royal families claimed their origin from the cholas.
The chola empire was divided into 9 provinces called mandalam, each under a governor called mandala mudalis who were paid salary in the form of lands. Chera chola pandya history in tamil pdf download 156c1n. As one of the three crowned kings of tamilakam, along with the chera and pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over. He was a weak ruler who surrendered to the pandyas. Boek maken downloaden als pdf printvriendelijke versie. Chola empire dynasties of ancient india history for kids. He rose to prominence by bringing glory to the chola empire and building. Extended the work of vijayalaya by occupying the territories from the pallavas. The last ruler of the cholla dynasty was rajendra iii ad 12461279. The legendary king karikan was the common ancestor through whom. The earliest datable references to the chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. Media in category maps of the chola empire the following 27 files are in this category, out of 27 total. It is believed the chola dynasty started some time in 300 b.